{"id":20277,"date":"2022-03-15T00:00:46","date_gmt":"2022-03-15T00:00:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tamus.edu\/data-science\/?p=20277"},"modified":"2025-10-06T20:24:48","modified_gmt":"2025-10-06T20:24:48","slug":"exploring-student-debt-by-student-characteristic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tamus.edu\/data-science\/2022\/03\/15\/exploring-student-debt-by-student-characteristic\/","title":{"rendered":"Exploring Student Debt by Student Characteristic"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"20277\" class=\"elementor elementor-20277\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5936e85f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5936e85f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-178ebc78\" data-id=\"178ebc78\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-173cbb13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"173cbb13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3664dfa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3664dfa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-38d7076\" data-id=\"38d7076\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6545fcd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6545fcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Student Debt by Student Characteristics<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-21c62db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"21c62db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-680805b\" data-id=\"680805b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95f2138 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"95f2138\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We continue our exploration into trends in the federal student loan debt included in the\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); background-color: #ffffff;\">US Department of Education&#8217;s <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;\" href=\"https:\/\/collegescorecard.ed.gov\/\">College Scorecard<\/a>\u00a0data.<span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); background-color: #ffffff;\">\u00a0This blog post examines federal loan debt across various student characteristics, including gender, first-generation status, Pell status, and institutional specialty status. By way of review, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;\"><b>t<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;\">he national average for four-year public universities in the College Scorecard data was $15,710 in the most recent cohort (AY2020), while the Texas average for public universities was $14,119. This places Texas 33rd out of the 50 states in the data.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4786cc7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4786cc7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cd17e58\" data-id=\"cd17e58\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f022d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3f022d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Student Loan Debt Breakdown<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-204256d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"204256d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-34ecc36\" data-id=\"34ecc36\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ba62ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4ba62ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">In our <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tamus.edu\/data-science\/2022\/03\/01\/exploring-student-debt-and-demographics\/\">previous blog post<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">, we noticed that a relationship seemed to exist between median loan debt and the percentage of underrepresented minorities (URM) enrolled as undergraduates. However, that relationship was contingent upon the type of institution. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;\"><b>Median student loan amount is lowest at Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs) and highest at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs)<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">. We will use these specialty categories as a framework for comparisons throughout the remainder of this blog post. Each of the visualizations below shows the weighted average of federal student loan debt across all four-year public universities in the College Scorecard dataset.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-left: 2.5em; list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">In the first tab (<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><u>Median Loan (Gender<\/u><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><u>)<\/u>)<\/span>, female students borrow more than males across all three institution types. <b>The average difference between females and males is $902 ($14,874 for females vs $13,973 for males)<\/b>.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>The smallest gap of $434 ($12,293 for females vs $11,859 for males) can be found at HSIs, with the largest gap of $2,399 ($17,530 for females vs $15,131 for males) at HBCUs.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>In the second tab (<u>Median Loan (1st Gen)<\/u>), the <b>overall difference between First-Generation and Not First-Generation students is less than $270 <\/b>($14,628 for First-Generation students vs $14,362 for Not First-Generation students). However, when breaking-out the data by institution type, Not HBCU\/HSI institutions is the only group where the overall trend holds true, as First-Generation students at HSIs and HBCUs borrow less, on average, than the Not First-Generation students at these institutions.<\/li>\n<li>The third tab (<u>Median Loan (Pell)<\/u>) shows the differences between students who receive Pell grants and those who do not, as Pell is often used as a proxy for low-income status. <b>Across all institution types, Pell recipients ($15,635) average almost $2,800 more in federal loans than their Not Pell counterparts ($12,915)<\/b>. This rank-order holds true across each of the three institutional groups, with the largest difference at HBCUs of almost $6,000.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>The Scorecard data also provide federal loan amounts by family income status (<u>Median Loan (Family Income)<\/u>), which provides a slightly more nuanced view of student loan borrowing habits than Pell status.\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;\"><b>In general, students from middle income families ($30,000-$75,000) borrow slightly more than the other income groups at $14,644. Students from low income families borrow an average of $14,442, while students from highest income families (above $75,000) have the lowest average loan debt at $14,311.<\/b> Within the institutional types, t<\/span>he rank-ordering of federal loan average varies across Family Income levels.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>NOTE: Due to the volume of information in each visualization below, we recommend that you click the &#8220;Full Screen&#8221; button in the bottom-right corner to enhance viewing of the data.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-77e2484 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"77e2484\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e7b627\" data-id=\"5e7b627\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91df017 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"91df017\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script type='text\/javascript' src='https:\/\/tableau.tamu.edu\/javascripts\/api\/viz_v1.js'><\/script><div class='tableauPlaceholder' style='width: 1279px; height: 750px;'><object class='tableauViz' width='1279' height='750' style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Ftableau.tamu.edu%2F' \/> <param name='embed_code_version' value='3' \/> <param name='site_root' value='&#47;t&#47;TAMUS' \/><param name='name' value='blog-2022-03-15&#47;MedianLoanGender' \/><param name='tabs' value='yes' \/><param name='toolbar' value='yes' \/><param name='showAppBanner' value='false' \/><\/object><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-03f6192 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"03f6192\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10e147c\" data-id=\"10e147c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84054b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"84054b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">So What?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9b5c193 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9b5c193\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e826947\" data-id=\"e826947\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-263a4ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"263a4ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>To this point in our review of federal student loan debt from the College Scorecard data, one of the primary observations is that students who have been historically most at-risk are the ones who are incurring the highest student debt loads. This is true across a variety of characteristics, including gender, first-generation status, family income level, and race\/ethnicity, especially at HBCUs. These trends will be important in upcoming blog posts, as we look beyond amounts borrowed to see how successfully borrowers are in repaying student loan debts over time.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-65aa7e3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"65aa7e3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3db5b3b\" data-id=\"3db5b3b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Student Debt by Student Characteristics We continue our exploration into trends in the federal student loan debt included in the\u00a0US Department of Education&#8217;s College Scorecard\u00a0data.\u00a0This blog post examines federal loan debt across various student characteristics, including gender, first-generation status, Pell status, and institutional specialty status. By way of review, the national average for four-year public&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1067,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[19,13,30,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20277","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-educational-attainment","category-graduation","category-student-debt","category-underrepresented-minorities"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Exploring Student Debt by Student Characteristic - Data Science<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tamus.edu\/data-science\/2022\/03\/15\/exploring-student-debt-by-student-characteristic\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Exploring Student Debt by Student Characteristic - Data Science\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Student Debt by Student Characteristics We continue our exploration into trends in the federal student loan debt included in the\u00a0US Department of Education&#8217;s College Scorecard\u00a0data.\u00a0This blog post examines federal loan debt across various student characteristics, including gender, first-generation status, Pell status, and institutional specialty status. 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