For the last few years, news about the West Nile virus has been everywhere. But what exactly is it? Summer L. Morgan, communications coordinator, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, explains below what West Nile virus is and how you can protect yourself.
West Nile virus is spread by mosquitoes that pick up the virus when they bite infected birds. These infected mosquitoes then spread the virus to humans.
Most people do not realize they have West Nile because the virus infection usually causes few or no symptoms. However, in rare cases, the illness can lead to encephalitis or meningitis.
The usual incubation period from infection to the development of symptoms is from three days to two weeks. If you have been bitten by mosquitoes, watch for fever, headaches, body aches, eye pain, skin rashes, exhaustion, lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting and/or swollen lymph nodes. If you experience any of these or more serious symptoms, consult a doctor immediately.
According to Dr. John Quarles, Ph.D., virologist and head of the Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis at the Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, most people can avoid the West Nile virus by following common summer safety tips.
“Try to cut down on mosquitoes in the area by eliminating any standing water,” Dr. Quarles said. “Use insect repellant with DEET and wear long-sleeve shirts and pants, if possible. Also, the times from dusk to dawn are worse for mosquitoes, so be sure to protect yourself in the evening and early morning.”
This article is provided as a courtesy by the Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine. If you have questions, contact your health care provider. 
H.E.A.D.s Up is a monthly column that features articles on a wide array of Health, Exercise And Diet issues. Information for these articles is provided by health and wellness professionals from throughout the A&M System. If you have questions or story ideas for this column, email Ruth McMullan.